The Music of Dmitri Shostakovich Essay -- Musicians

Born in Saint Petersburg, Russia on September 25, 1906, Shostakovich was the second of three children born to Dmitri Boleslavovich Shostakovich and Sofiya Vasilievna Kokoulina. His father was of Polish descent but both his parents were Siberian natives. Dmitri was a child prodigy as a pianist and composer. He began taking piano lessons from his mother at the age of nine. He displayed an incredible talent to remember what his mother had played at the previous lesson and would get caught pretending to read the music, playing the music from his last lesson instead of what was placed in front of him. In 1919, at the age of thirteen, he was allowed to enter the Petrograd Conservatory in Saint Petersburg and studied piano with Leonid Nikolayev. Because the conservatory was poorly funded, it did not have heat; the students had to wear coats, hats and gloves constantly only taking off their gloves when composing. Because of these poor living conditions Dmitri developed tuberculosis of the lymph glands in spring 1923 and had to have an operation. Nevertheless, he completed his final piano examinations at the conservatory in June with his neck still bandaged. Shostakovich, though very intelligent and talented, was seen as immature in his final year at the conservatory Shostakovich initially failed his exam in his Marxist method class. When another student was asked to explain the difference between the music of Liszt and Chopin on sociological and economic grounds, the young composer burst out laughing. Luckily, he was able to petition the decision and re-take the test with a str aight face. In the future, he would learn not to be so casual about politics. His first major musical achievement was the First Symphony, premiered in... ...lder). Works Cited †¢ Burkholder, J. Peter, Donald Jay Grout, and Claude V. Palisca. A history of western music. 8th ed. New York: W. W. Norton, 2010. Print. †¢ Fanning, David. Shostakovich studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Print. †¢ Hurwitz, David, and DmitriÄ ­ Dmitrievich Shostakovich. Shostakovich symphonies and concertos: an owner's manual. Pompton Plains, N.J.: Amadeus ;, 2006. Print. †¢ Norris, Christopher. Shostakovich, the man and his music. Boston: M. Boyars, 1982. Print. †¢ Volkov, Solomon, and Antonina W. Bouis. Shostakovich and Stalin: the extraordinary relationship between the great composer and the brutal dictator. New York: Knopf, 2004. Print. †¢ David Fanning and Laurel Fay. "Shostakovich, Dmitry." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. 14 Apr. 2012 .

Aging Aircraft and Structural Failures

Aloha Airlines Flight 243: Structural Failure of an Aging Aircraft Safety 335 aloha Airlines Flight 243: Structural Failure of an Aging Aircraft The age of the United States' commercial aircraft fleet is a serious problem. The average age of commercial airline fleets is continuing to increase. As of year 2000, more than 2,500 commercial aircraft in the United States were flying beyond their original design lives. In 1988, a major incident in which the top peeled off an Aloha Airlines Boeing 737 in flight, sweeping a flight attendant to her death, was blamed on weak maintenance of the old aircraft's structure.The flight attendant was swept overboard at 24,000 feet after a spontaneous failure of one of the aircraft's longitudinal joints. The aircraft involved, a Boeing 737, had been subjected to the severe operating environment particular to inter-island service during its 19-year lifespan. The Aloha Airlines 737 was the second oldest aircraft still in service. The aircraft, which had been designed for 75,000 flight cycles, had actually accumulated 89,680 cycles with stage lengths of 20 to 40 minutes. This intensive use also inflicts the loads associated with repeated pressurization and de-pressurization of the aircraft's cabin.Fuselage fatigue damage is primarily caused by the application of the pressurization cycle that occurs on each flight. Typically, the inter-island carriers fly at 23,000 ft while the cabin is pressurized to 8,000 creating a 5 psi differential. The fuselage of this aircraft suffered from extensive Multiple Site Damage (MSD). MSD occurs when stress factors are fairly uniform, so that small cracks appear and grow at roughly the same rate. Each individual crack is difficult to see and by itself poses little problem; however, the small cracks can join together to form a large crack (Oster, Clinton, Strong, Zorn, 1992).The Aloha 737's MSD's were cracks extending on both sides of rivet holes along the upper row of the lap joints along the fuselag e. Two other major fuselage failures existed on the upper row of rivets on the S10L lap joint. Near the forward entry door, the MSD cracks had joined to form a single crack about 6-8 inches long. Two passengers noticed this crack as they boarded the aircraft in Hilo, HI. The crack was long enough and wide enough that the internal fiberglass insulation was being extruded from it. The passengers did not report the crack, feeling that if the aircraft was not safe, the airline would obviously not fly it (NTSB, 1988).The focus of the National Transportation Safety Board's (NTSB) hearings were the failure of the Boeing 737's design to Safely Decompress. Contrary to the NTSB findings, the fuselage did tear open a Safe Decompression Flap as designed. If the Flight Attendant had not been standing directly underneath the Flap when it occurred, the plane would probably not have suffered an explosive decompression (Hinder, 2000). The forces exerted on the fuselage by leveling of the aircraft wa s the final blow that caused a link up of MSD cracks at BS500 (Approximately Row 5) which were arrested by the Safe Decompression design causing the Flap to open.At the instant in time represented by Figure 1, the aircraft is in the process of rotating from climb to level flight, there is a tear in the S10L lap joint at approximately in front of row 1 and a Safe Decompression Flap at approximately Row 5. [pic] Figure 1 The cabin was pressurized. With the approximately 10†³ x10†³ opening, the internal cabin air began to escape at over 700 mph. The Flight Attendant who was reaching to pick up a cup from Passenger 5B was immediately sucked into but not through the Safe Decompression Flap. Only the Flight Attendant's right arm and head were forced through the opening.This effectively slammed the door shut on a 700 mph jet stream. The resultant reaction to corking a high velocity fluid flow is called a Fluid Hammer. The attempt to stop the high velocity airflow causes a pressur e spike of high value (hundreds of pounds per square inch) and short duration (only tens of thousandths of a second). The fuselage integrity was severely degraded due to the MSD and its 0. 036†³ (36 thousandths of an inch) pressure boundary wall thickness is only designed for about 8. 5 psi normal operating pressure differential. The fuselage could barely contain the normal operating pressure.The Fluid Hammer caused the fuselage skin to crack (Hinder, 2000). Fluid flow always follows the path of least resistance. With the Flap at row 5 plugged and the fuselage skin between in front of row 1 and row 5 completely severed, the internal cabin pressure begins to push outward on the fuselage skin, sensing the weakest point as halfway between in front of row 1 and row 5. This is the location identified by the NTSB as the probable location of the initial failure. For the next 0. 6 seconds (6 tenths of a second) the aircraft is propelled nose down and to the right by the internal air es caping from the disintegrating fuselage.The Flight Attendant begins to slide toward the rear of the aircraft as the lap joint separates. See Figure 2. [pic] Figure 2 For the next 1. 2 seconds the aircraft the moves up and to the left as sections of the fuselage continue to peel away. The section between row 1 and row 5 blows out and downward. The roof section blows up, tearing from the row 1 seam. At row 5, the roof crack angles diagonally back toward the top centerline of the aircraft. Aft of row 5, along the lap joint, above the joint, a diagonal piece folds back over on itself.Below the joint, the window belt section tears in a backward direction. The Flight Attendant continues to slide rearward. See Figure 3. [pic] Figure 3 The window belt section aft of row 5 and below the lap-joint folds back over rearward. This pops out the window just forward of the row 6 seam and tears the fuselage from the window to the lap joint. This allows the Flight Attendant's head and body to drop ap proximately 1 foot just as the section slams against the exterior fuselage. See Figure 4. [pic] Figure 4 The pilots told of a sudden whooshing sound at 24,000 ft. flying debris in the cockpit and a bouncing 25-mile descent with one engine out. The flight was diverted to Maui and a successful landing was accomplished with a significant portion of the fuselage missing. Sixty-nine of the 95 passengers sustained injuries from flailing wires, metal strips and wind burn (Hinder, 2000). According to the NTSB's report on the investigation, contributing factors were improper inspection by company maintenance personnel, inadequate supervision of maintenance personnel, inadequate supervision by the FAA and inadequate aircraft equipment from the manufacturer.Numerous other structural failure incidents of note in the same time period also brought to light significant problems to be addressed. In October 1988, a foot long crack was noted in a B-737 while stripping paint. In December 1988, a B-727 was noted with a 14†³ crack in the fuselage. In February 1989, a B-747 cargo door failed, the fuselage was torn off and nine passengers were sucked to their deaths. In July 1989, a pre-flight inspection revealed a 20†³ long fatigue crack in the wing of a B-727 (Oster, et al, 1992).Though durability and damage tolerance were issues prior to this, the Aloha incident is generally considered to be the start of the Federal Aviation Authorities (FAA) Focused Aging Aircraft Program. The first response to the accident was an industry-wide review of the adequacy of aircraft design and efficacy of maintenance programs. In general, the aviation community found that with proper maintenance and structural modifications and with attention to service related damage such as fatigue and corrosion, the service lives of airplanes could be safely extended (Seher, Smith, 2001).To identify and rectify issues related to operation of aircraft beyond their designed service objectives, the Air Wor thiness Assurance Working Group (AAWG), the National Aging Aircraft Program, and the National Aging Aircraft Research Programs were established. The National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA) and the United States Air Force joined in and concentrated on research in fatigue and fracture issues associated with crack initiation, crack growth and residual strength of multi-site damaged fuselage skins (Seher, Smith, 2001).Though progress has been made in the area of aging aircraft, the continued desire to maintain aircraft in revenue service beyond their design service objectives and the poor financial performance of carriers, there will almost certainly be new structural integrity problems. It is the mission of the FAA's Aging Aircraft and Continued Airworthiness Programs to ensure that age-related problems are predicted and eliminated or mitigated prior to their having a major impact on safety. References Hinder, Prof. , (2000, January 17).Flight 243 Separation Sequence, Pos ted to Disaster city, archived at www. disastercity. com. National Transportation Safety Board Report Identification: DCA88MA054-AAR-89/03. Air Carrier Aloha Airlines Inc. , April 28, 1988, Maui, HI. Oster, C. , Strong, J. , Zorn, K. , (1992), Why Airplanes Crash, Aviation Safety in a Changing World, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Seher, C. , Smith, C. , (2001), Managing the Aging Aircraft Problem, Symposium on Aging Mechanisms and Control, Manchester, England.

Good and Well - Commonly Confused Words

The common modifiers good and well are easily (and frequently) confused. Definitions Good is usually an adjective (a good book, a good job). Good can also function as a noun (the common good). Well is usually an adverb (runs well, a well-written essay). In formal speech and writing, the adjective good generally follows linking verbs such as be, seem, taste, and appear. See the usage notes below.The redundant expression (all) well and good means acceptable. Its often used before a statement that qualifies or contradicts whatever it is thats considered all well and good. Examples There was never a good war or a bad peace. (Benjamin Franklin)Experiment with recipes until you find what tastes good to you.The student officers displayed a remarkably good knowledge of the drill regulations.Coffee thrives remarkably well in Fiji.The students were asked to compose a well-organized essay in 30 minutes.On the cover, a well-adjusted-looking boy, hair stiff with hairspray, overalls starched, sat in a chair and puzzled over a Rubiks Cube.  He wore sensible shoes and an expression that said: This is  all well and good, but my real passion is long division.(David James Poissant, Refund.  The Heaven of Animals, 2014) Usage Notes Good/wellOf the two phrases I  feel good and I feel well, the first is the correct one if youre speaking of your state of health (physical or mental). Feel here is a linking verb and is followed by a predicate adjective. So if you mean that your health is good, your spirits are high, and your outlook is optimistic, say I feel good.On the other hand, if you use feel in its literal sense of touching something, like feeling for a light switch in the dark, say, I feel well.(William and Mary Morris, Harper Dictionary of Contemporary Usage. Harper Row, 1975)Today virtually everybody agrees that both good and well after feel and look are predicate adjectives. The years of disagreement over which was correct seem to have contributed to some differentiation. Look well and feel well tend to express good health. Feel good can express good health or it can suggest good spirits in addition to good health. Look good does not generally refer to health, it relates to some aspect of appearance.(Me rriam-Websters Dictionary of English Usage, 1994) Practice (a) A logical fallacy is a bad argument that looks _____.(b) The plants were all fairly large, with _____-developed leaves.(c) After a long week in the office, a day on the ocean sounded _____.(d) The chorus sang _____, with enthusiasm and expression. Answers to Practice Exercise (a) A logical fallacy is a bad argument that looks  good.(b) The plants were all fairly large, with  well-developed leaves.(c) After a long week in the office, a day on the ocean sounded  good.(d) The chorus sang  well, with enthusiasm and expression.

The Black Of Black And 70s - 1188 Words

Movies are more than a form of entrainment. They are pieces of art that express social and political problems within the culture. The Black male character and culture has not always been a predominant figure in films like they are today. The display of the African American culture in film has progressed through the years. It has progressed by the change of racism displayed on screen, the character roles, and the emergence black figures and society in motion pictures. (How racism is depicted in the films- Black face-we would see it again) With movies such as Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner, Shaft, Do The Right Thing, and Madea’s Family Reunion. People see the transformation of black cinema throughout the years. Films of the 60s, 70s, and 80s have significant differences from contemporary productions as the standards of culture shift in the decades. Before the audience can note the rise of black figures and standards in film. They must have recognition of the history of blac k cinema before its transition into the mainstream. Displays of black character roles and black culture from earlier films like Birth of a Nation (1915) and Gone with the Wild (1939) have a different representation on the view of black society and how racism was addressed in those times. In these earlier films blacks were not given main roles in cinema. Blacks Americans were typically given minimal roles and â€Å"true† to race roles such as servants, slaves, butlers and etc. African Americans did not have aShow MoreRelatedA brave group of young men and women, black and white alike traveled through the south to support900 Words   |  4 Pages A brave group of young men and women, black and white alike traveled through the south to support black rights (Adamson 39-70). Contributors did not use violence or fight to make a difference (Adamson 39-70). They simply avoided the hate and anger they somehow held inside. Riders traveled through many states, carrying with them a motiv e, which they were on this ride. Blacks had rights too. The patriotic group the Freedom Riders traveled non-stop towards the south to fight for African Americans.Read MoreAfrican Americans And Film And Television Production1621 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"white television shows. These television shows related to the white society which were aired in a ironically important time period in African American history. During the 60’s the civil rights movement was a powerful effort towards equality for the black community. Although African American’s were not landing their own shows and film, they did protest for their rights as citizens. From their actions, you can conclude that television and acting was not as important as their rights for equality. TheRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Glenda Price Carter 909 Words   |  4 Pagesretired and became a third grade teacher at Greenwood Elementary School, Newport News, VA. 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Wilfred Owens Poetry Expresses Strong and Impressive...

Wilfred Owen’s poetry often expresses a strong and impressive feeling of the persona. The poems ‘Storm’ and ‘Maundy Thursday’, both convey a man’s powerful, physical attractiveness to the persona. Owen uses his skillful writing to achieve such a strong impression of this in these two poems. In each poem, Owen uses the form and structure of the poem, diction of the poem, as well as poetic devices and figurative language to portray the feelings and thoughts of the persona. The form and structure of both poems is a hybrid sonnet form, which develops and presents the key ideas of the poem. In ‘Storm’, the octet shows the attractiveness of the man to the persona and the persona’s desire to attract the attention of that man. Then, in the sestet the persona realizes the risk, yet still wants to try to attract the man he admires so much. He is even prepared for this to take over his whole life – ‘and happier were it if my sap consume.’ This shows that the persona does not care of what other people think of his behavior and he may appears completely ridiculous in other people’s eyes. ‘What matter if all men cry aloud and start,/ And women hide bleak faces in their shawl,/ At those hilarious thunders of my fall?’ Wilfred Owen reveals the attractiveness of the man to the persona in a completely different way in the second poem ‘Maundy Thursday’; He uses the behavior of other people to compare and contrast the action of the persona when the silver cross offers to be kissed. Then theShow MoreRelatedThe Harsh Realities of War Illustrated in Dulce et Decorum Est?1453 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the course of Dulce et Decorum Est, by Wilfred Owen, the Horatian image of a glorified and idealized war is stripped away to reveal the bitter and vicious nature of a new era in the history of conflict. Language and imagery are employed to great effect in conveying this notion, in the rejection of the ‘strong and patriotic soldier’ stereotype, the description of the chlorine gas attack, the portrayal of the agonized and dying soldier, and the final scathing invective against those who exalt

Research Paper (Football’s Effects on Personal Health) Free Essays

string(139) " reason it is so effective in improving someone’s health is because it keeps the heart beating at a high rate for a long period of time\." Rodney Whitehead Eng 102 Research Paper 12/10/08 Football A person’s health is one of the most important things to maintain throughout his/her life. Playing sports is a fun and effective way to stay healthy mentally as well as physically. Football is an extremely physical, mentally advanced sport and is an excellent example of this. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper (Football’s Effects on Personal Health) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Football is an effective way to improve the physical, mental and social aspects of a person’s health. Football dates as far back as ancient Greece. Greeks made these games, which compare to modern football, to simulate warfare and battle strategies. If you know how an ancient phalanx works, you can find similarities between it and how the offensive and defensive line interact. It’s mostly just a lot of pushing and shoving with intent to penetrate the line and break the phalanx using shields and spears in a tactical fashion to create an ideally impenetrable unit. The linebackers, and defensive backs would represent the secondary defenses. The offensive backs and receivers represented the higher ranks of warriors. It was a game they played to showcase their skills, and it was an alternative of staying in shape without spending hours in the gymnasium. It also gave them more social interactions with people who had similar interests. The game of football has without a doubt become more advanced. It has become an multitude of associations and leagues each with their own individual rules and regulations. The game itself can be very confusing to understand from a foreign standpoint. However, the object of the game is simple. The team with the ball has to get it into the opposing teams endzone. Obviously it is more complicated than that but it’s the basic idea. When weighing the pros and cons of impacts on health with playing football, there are some negative aspects that go along with it such as injuries, risks with playing in severely cold weather, and other minor problems players might have with chronic pain or irritations on the body which include joint damage, turf toe and athletes foot, etc. Injuries in professional football do happen often, but it’s a part of playing the game. I personally would have rather broken every limb on my body than not ever have played football. According to Ernest Needham, injuries are abundant but not overwhelming considering the amount of people who play the sport. â€Å"We all know that accidents will happen in the best regulated of sports (even pedestrians are not free from them); but accidents of a serious or fatal nature are very rare considering the thousands who play, and it is questionable whether the percentage does not compare favorably with those of other pastimes (Unk 1-Par 7)†. All other health risks of football which are but minor compared to injuries should just be something athletes should go through to play such a fun and beneficial game. In my eyes, football is one hundred percent beneficial. One of the best things about football is that there is a spot for and type of person. Basically big, strong men play on the line; small, fast men can usually play as cornerbacks and safeties; strong and fast men will usually play running back or linebacker; and the tall, fast guys who can catch make good receivers. One aspect of football that makes it good for human health and development is the extra conditioning that is required to stay in shape. Conditioning mainly is based around running. A good thing for football players to practice and develop often is sprinting. Speed is the most important factor when playing football and it is extremely beneficial to one’s health to sprint on a regular basis. It allows the heart to adapt and operate at higher speeds without such a high exhaustion factor as would usually be the case for someone who doesn’t sprint regularly or at all for that matter. Football builds up strength and endurance in every part of your body. It increases your cardiovascular muscles and decreases your resting heart rate. You also become more balanced by learning different techniques and it develops the footwork of athletes to build speed and quickness. Unk 3 Par 2) Sprinting is most commonly practiced in what we call circuits or pyramids. A circuit is a multitude of different types of sprints performed in a row with little or no rest. For example, an athlete would start with seated arm sprints and when the whistle blows, he would get up and sprint to the forty yard cone at full speed. When he reaches the cone he would back pedal 20 yards, then do fifteen seconds of high knees. After this he would then sprint out the remaining forty yards. Circuits can be performed in any order with any combination of sprinting exercises. Circuits promote endurance, acceleration, speed and exercise diversity which is an important part of adaptive health as well as a vital skill one needs to play football. Sprinting pyramids go along with the idea of starting out small and gradually increasing distance and intensity. Let’s say you’re on a standard track. From the starting line, the sprinter would sprint a short ten yards, touch the line and come back. This is followed by increments of ten usually. Once the pyramid reaches sixty yards out, the sprinter gradually goes back down in increments of ten to act as a cool-down. Pyramids develop an athletes agility, endurance and also builds an athletes ability to sprint with stability and control. As a result, sprinting is extremely beneficial to an athletes health and well-being and this demonstrates how the sprinting aspect of football is a major part in the health of an individual. Most teams also coach their athletes to run long distances. Long distance running is an excellent way to boost a human’s cardiovascular stamina and increase the strength in an athletes fast-twitch muscle system in his/her legs. The reason it is so effective in improving someone’s health is because it keeps the heart beating at a high rate for a long period of time. You read "Research Paper (Football’s Effects on Personal Health)" in category "Free Research Paper Samples" This sends oxygen quickly to all the body’s key receptors which is essential to maintain motor skills, and better a human’s growth and blood flow. It also enables the heart to adapt and strengthen to be able to handle such a strain for such a long period of time. This helps athletes keep energy during games and practice without getting as tired. Long distance running is usually done as a team or in smaller groups throughout the team. For example, the backs receivers will run in one group and the lineman and linebackers will run in the other. The distance teams run always varies based on the coaches, how the practice has gone so far, and the weather, but usually when I say â€Å"a long distance run†, I mean at the very least one mile. Take me for example. I run one and a half miles every day before I strength train. I don’t consider that to be a long distance run at all. It’s more like a little warm up. On Fridays I run three miles which judging by how tired I am after, I consider to be long distance running. What defines the term â€Å"long distance running† is the physical abilities of the athlete and how much they are willing to sacrifice to be a healthy person and an excellent football player. Running in football is a great building block to a healthy lifestyle. Usually people who run and do other exercises regularly will generally have more energy throughout the day than non-athletes. People who have not experienced this first-hand may think otherwise. They might think that if someone exercises everyday, it would drain them and make them tired all the time. That is definitely not the case. Exercise lowers your heart rate in times of inactivity allowing the body to operate using less energy than someone who’s heart rate may be higher during times of inactivity. For example an idle body which has a heart rate of 70 regularly will use more energy than an athlete with an idle heart rate of 52. Therefore an athlete will generally have more energy when not exercising. Overall, running is an important part of football and an excellent way to stay in shape. In the sport of football, it is essential to compete with one another to be the strongest and the fastest. This being said, strength training is extremely important and is also highly beneficial to the sport. Their are many lifts that are specific to football, but weight lifting in general is a remarkably healthy life practice. First of all, it takes a lot of calories to build and maintain muscle, therefore just weightlifting alone could be a great way to get rid of fat. Basically, if someone lift weights to lose fat, he/she will be losing fat and replacing it with muscle making him/her leaner, lighter and stronger. Lifting weights is also a healthy way to socialize. When an athlete lifts weights, he/she usually uses a spotter and if they both are in the same strength range they will usually do all their lifts together and create a friendly relationship with one another. Team chemistry is also something that is taught and practiced in all leagues. The coaches usually try to ensure the cooperation and friendship of all their teammates. This builds builds the bonds that keep a team strong and the benefit an athletes mental and social health. An person’s mental health is probably more important that his/her physical health. Football is an excellent way to develop mental strong mental health. In most cases, players need to remember all the different plays and formation in a playbook to run a solid offense. That should be easy for most people with half a brain but they also have to know how to make quick reads and shifts in blocking to make plays work based on how the defense is aligned. This is a very complex skill that only comes with experience in the game. This trait illustrates a strong mentality which is extremely healthy to develop especially in early years. According to Abby Lerner’s quote from Sian Beilock, associate professor in psychology at the University of Chicago, playing football plays a big role in developing essential language skills students need to understand complex situations. â€Å"Experience playing and watching sports has enduring effects on language understanding by changing the neural networks that support comprehension to incorporate areas active in performing sports skills,† Beilock said. (Lerner Par 4) He also said that the findings may soon be applied to education. For example, the best way to teach kids about momentum and physics may not be assigning lengthy reading assignments, but getting them up from their desks and moving. â€Å"The experience of acting something out may help them understand the concept much better (Lerner Par 5)†. Football also promotes a healthier diet. The coaches stress that their players eat healthy and many of them put their athletes on a strict eating plan. Athletes in professional football and high high division college football are usually given a meal plan to improve their health and well-being. A good meal plan would consist of foods high in protein and carbohydrates in the morning, foods high in carbohydrates at noon, and high protein and vitamins in the evening such as boiled chicken and green vegetables. Such practices, along with exercising, weightlifting and stretching, can actually reduce the risk of injury. A balanced diet can also help keep the digestive system regulated. Eating the right foods at the right times is an important part of staying healthy so it is no wonder that the health driven sport of football practices sticking to a healthy diet. Football is an extremely disciplined and physical sport, but it is probably the most fun a person can have if he/she is trying to stay healthy. Through the coaching of strength, conditioning, dieting and enhanced brain activity, football is a great way to improve the physical and mental health of individuals of all ages. Works Cited Author Unknown1. â€Å"Health Risks of Playing Football†. Publisher Unknown www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/Fhealth. htm This articles focuses on the downside to football. It illustrates certain health risks and diseases that may be caused by playing football, both long term and short term. It tends to use a lot of statistics and credited facts throughout the article. In fact, the bulk of the article is composed of these statistics and facts. Little is shown of the writer’s own input of the subject. Author Unknown2. â€Å"Football improves health of the community†. Publisher Unknown http://www. dh. gov. uk/en/News/DH_4111986 This article illustrates the positive physical effects of football. It points out that the sport promotes a healthier diet, teaches drug and alcohol awareness and promotes good sexual health as well as social inclusion. Author Unknown3. What are the benefits of football†. Wiki-Answers. http://wiki. answers. com/Q/ This is sort of a Q and A format article. It asks the question; What are the health and physical benefits of playing football? It is followed by multiple answers from anonymous contributors. Some answers are straight and to the point and some go in depth with exciting facts in vivid detail. Lerner, Abby. â€Å"The Best Reason to Watch More Football†. Men’s Health. http://www. menshealth. com/cda/article Watching football is had been a proven way of increasing brain activity and comprehension efficiency. This article developes reasons of how and why it does and it explains them in depth. Moor, Craeg(? ). â€Å"Improve mental health through playing football†.  © 2008 Adfero Ltd. craegmoor. co. uk/news/industry/18518880/ The mental health benefits of playing football are beyond significant. Football is a great way to socialize and develop relationships with other players in an informal, fun way which has effects on a person’s emotions, relationships, identity and self-esteem. This article develops these benefits in a very compact article in which I will probably have to use sentence numbers. How to cite Research Paper (Football’s Effects on Personal Health), Essays

Heart Disease Essay Example For Students

Heart Disease Essay The cardiovascular system (comprising of the heart, arteries and veins) isessential for keeping homeostasis balanced throughout the body. The heart works as a pump to push blood containing oxygen and nutrientsthrough the extensive network of arteries and arterioles to replenishorgans, tissues and respiring cells, once replenishment has taken placewaste products and carbon dioxide are removed and taken back to the heartin the blood stream through veins and venules to be redirected through thepulmonary circulation back to the lungs to be deoxygenised (see appendix1). The heart also needs to be replenished with oxygen rich blood to survive;blood is supplied to the heart by the coronary circulation (see appendix2). Just like any other organ in the body, the heart and surrounding vesselsare susceptible to disease. One of these many diseases is Coronary HeartDisease. Coronary heart disease is the most common cause of premature death in theUnited Kingdom. On average every year 110.000 people die from heartrelated diseases, whilst 300.000 people have heart attacks and more than1.4 million suffer from angina, (British Heart Foundation 2001).CHD iscaused by a number of risk factors (risk factors are issues that cancontribute to a disease). Risk factors associated with CHD are high bloodpressure (hypertension), cigarette smoking, alcohol, physical inactivity,obesity (being overweight), and high blood cholesterol. As fatty foods are consumed and digestion initiates, saturated fats fromthe digested food is broken down by the liver to produce cholesterol. Passing into the bloodstream the cholesterol combines with proteins tocreate lipoproteins. Lipoproteins are used for transporting numeroustypes of lipids to and from the cells. Lipoproteins are divided into twocategories, high density lipoproteins (HDL) and low density lipoproteins(LDL). HDLs remove excess cholesterol from the cells and transports it tothe liver to be destroyed, whereas LDLs are responsible for supplyingcells with cholesterol. The cells in the body have LDL receptors attachedto them. Once inside the cell the LDL is broken down and cholesterol isreleased to fulfil the cells requirements.When the cell has adequatecholesterol to function a negative feedback prevents the cell from makingnew LDL receptors.Unfortunately CHD can also be a genetic disease,thought to be caused by a mutation in the apolipoprotein B (main protein inthe low density lipoprotein group).The mutation causes insufficientproduction of receptors and therefore high levels of cholesterol arereleased incr easing the susceptibility to CHD.With the combination ofhigh levels of LDL and raised levels of homocysteine (an amino acid,building blocks that make up protein) derived from methionine another aminoacid which is found in eggs, milk and meat atherosclerosis occurs (seeappendix 3). Atherosclerosis is caused by a build-up of cholesterol and fatty substanceson the inner wall of the artery, beginning as fatty streaks which graduallydevelop to form lumps known as plaques (see appendix 4). Raisedhomocysteine levels damage the lining of the artery whilst plaques assistthe walls of the artery to thicken and harden therefore the lumen of theartery narrows. This results in myocardial ischemia (poor blood flow tothe heart) and the oxygen needs being suspended (hypoxia). As the heartsrequests for oxygen surpass the amount available the heart omits warningsigns in the form of tightening and pain in the chest, sometimes extendingto the upper extremities, lumber area and abdomen, this is clinicallyreferred to as stable angina. In extreme cases of atherosclerosis theplaques in the misshapen coronary artery affect blood flow resulting in thedevelopment of blood clots (thrombus) When a thrombus occurs (see appendix5), it blocks the artery triggering an attack of unstable angina , if theheart continues to be starved of oxygen for more than a few minutes theheart muscle begins to die resulting in myocardial infarction (heartattack). Myocardial infarction can contribute to total starvation of theheart resulting in congestive heart failure and inventively death. .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c , .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c .postImageUrl , .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c , .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c:hover , .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c:visited , .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c:active { border:0!important; } .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c:active , .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tree Conservation EssaySome heart attacks can be looked upon as warning signs and that a change inlifestyle is required. There are many prescribed medications available toreduce the risks of heart failure, for example; aspirin is used to reducethe stickiness of the platelets therefore reducing the risk of blood clots(thrombus). Diuretics (which target the kidneys to increase excretion ofwater in the urine) these reduce blood pressure and build-up of water intissues (oedema). Lipid lowering drugs (statins) raise the amount of highdensity lipoproteins (good cholesterol) and lower low density lipoproteins(bad cholesterol), these work by inhibiting the enzyme involved in thesy nthesis of cholesterol. The administration of these drugs are designedto be incorporated into a newly modified lifestyle. Practitioners will advise CHD patients to reassess their former standard ofliving and introduce an alternative healthier option.To achieve anoverall healthy eating plan the patient should endeavour to consume fivefruit and vegetable portions daily, use only low fat or fat-free dairyproducts, include six wholegrain foods (found in cereals and bread), eatonly lean meat and remove skin from poultry, try to include two portions offish weekly, especially fatty fish (sardines, pilchards) containing largeamounts of omega 3 oils as it helps to reduce the risk of CHD and improvesthe chance of survival after a heart attack. Limit sugary foods and foodswith no nutritional value (fast food fries), cut down on trans-fats(partially hydrogenated vegetable oils) these consist of pastries, crispsand some margarines. Avoid using sodium (salt), limit alcohol intake toone drink a day or if possible cease drinking alcohol altogether. If a CHD patient follows a sensible diet, controls other risk factors,(smoking and alcohol) partakes in exercise (which helps to lower andcontrol blood pressure, and combined with a healthy diet increases physicalfitness) and takes possible medication prescribed by the doctor (somepatients may not be administrated any medication), there is a strongpossibility the patient will carry on to have an extended healthier life. Although the majority of all patients will need to attend the doctorssurgery for regular health checks (blood cholesterol tests, blood pressurechecks and weight checks) to clarify the body is still responsive to thealternative changes. In some CHD patients modifying risk factors are notenough and surgery is performed to combat chances of heart failure. Surgery of the coronary arteries isreferredtoasPercutaneousTransluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA). Several types of procedures maybe performed ranging from balloon angioplasty (a small balloon insertedinto the blocked artery to widen the artery for blood flow) (see appendix6); to coronary artery bypass (patches of veins and arteries from anotherpart of the body are removed and placed into the heart in an attempt tobypass the blocked arteries) (see appendix 7).All surgical procedureshave the chance of failure especially with the delicate tissues of theheart. The fundamental key to coronary heart disease is prevention.People livein ignorance about disease and only show signs of interest if theunthinkable happens to them or a family member.If the whole populationwas to be forewarned about the risk of CHD or coronary heart failure at anearlier age the consequences could be lessened.Children should beeducated on how diseases can affect the body and also how to avoid them;they should be taught how to look after their bodies, physically throughexercise, eating healthier diets and the avoidance of smoking and drinking.